Pelvic Pain Evaluation

What is a pelvic pain?

Pelvic pain refers to discomfort localized in the pelvic region, situated between the hips and the lowest part of the abdomen. This type of pain can originate from various sources, including issues with the digestive, urinary, or reproductive organs, as well as muscles and ligaments. While pelvic pain can affect individuals of any gender, it is most commonly reported by women.

What are the symptoms of pelvic pain?

Gynecological pelvic pain may manifest as either a sudden, sharp sensation or a persistent dull ache. This pain can manifest on either the left or right side of the body, and in severe cases, it may extend to both sides of the pelvis concurrently. Symptoms associated with pelvic pain can encompass:

  • Lower back discomfort

  • Pain during urination or bowel movements

  • Abdominal pain and cramps

  • Presence of blood in stool

  • Gas or bloating

  • Fever accompanied by chills

  • Vaginal pain or increased bleeding during sexual activity

  • Exacerbation of pelvic pain symptoms during menstruation

What cause gynecological pelvic pain?

Gynecological pelvic pain can arise from a variety of factors, including:

  • Abnormal uterine bleeding

  • Endometriosis

  • Pelvic inflammatory disease

  • Pelvic congestion syndrome

  • Fibroids

  • Sexually transmitted diseases

  • Cervical, uterine, or ovarian cancer

  • Menstrual cramps

  • Family history of pelvic pain

  • Ovarian cysts

  • Ectopic pregnancy

Additionally, bladder disorders and urinary tract infections are potential sources of pelvic pain.

How is pelvic pain treated?

Treatment for gynecological pelvic pain is contingent upon the underlying cause and its severity. Potential treatment options may include:

  • Anti-inflammatory medications

  • Pain relievers

  • Physical therapy

  • Application of heat

  • Hormone therapy, especially for conditions like endometriosis or pelvic congestion syndrome

  • Surgical interventions, such as hysterectomy

What Are the Side Effects of Pelvic Pain Medications and Treatments?

Prescription pain medications can lead to side effects like drowsiness, dizziness, nausea, or vomiting. Certain treatments for pelvic pain may result in heightened side effects, as is the case with surgery, which can lead to bleeding or infection necessitating additional antibiotic treatment.

How Can Pelvic Pain Be Prevented?

The etiology and severity of gynecological pelvic pain are variable, often with unclear causes. However, there are proactive measures that can naturally lower the risk of pelvic pain, including:

  • Maintaining a healthy weight through a balanced diet and regular exercise

  • Adhering to a well-rounded dietary regimen

  • Staying adequately hydrated to aid in digestion

It's important to note that women may be more susceptible to pelvic muscle pain due to hormonal imbalances (e.g., estrogen) before menopause or due to the effects of childbirth.